Transportation Research Record 2544 contains the following papers: Use of Mobile Ticketing Data to Estimate an Origin–Destination Matrix for New York City Ferry Service (Rahman,S, Wong,J, and Brakewood,C);
Evaluating Off-Peak Pricing Strategies in Public Transportation with an Activity-Based Approach (Lovric,M, Raveau,S, Adnan,M, Pereira,FC, Basak,K, Loganathan,H, and Ben-Akiva,M);
Impact of a Loan-Based Public Transport Fare System on Fare Evasion: Experience of Transantiago, Santiago, Chile (Bucknell,C, Munoz,JC, Schmidt,A, Navarro,M, and Simonetti,C);
Nonadditive Public Transit Fare Pricing Under Congestion with Policy Lessons from a Case Study in Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Chin,A, Lai,A, and Chow,JYJ);
Reducing Subway Crowding: Analysis of an Off-Peak Discount Experiment in Hong Kong (Halvorsen,A, Koutsopoulos,HN, Lau,S, Au,T, and Zhao,J);
Social and Distributional Effects of Public Transport Fares and Subsidy Policies: Case of Madrid, Spain (Cadena,PCB, Vassallo,JM, Herraiz,I, and Loro,M);
Inferring Public Transport Access Distance from Smart Card Registration and Transaction Data (Viggiano,C, Koutsopoulos,HN, Attanucci,J, and Wilson,NHM);
Predicting Express Train Choice of Metro Passengers from Smart Card Data (Kim,KM, Hong,SP, Ko,SJ, and Min,JH);
Bus Network Microsimulation with General Transit Feed Specification and Tap-in-Only Smart Card Data (Gaudette,P, Chapleau,R, and Spurr,T);
How Smart Is Your Smart Card? Evaluating Transit Smart Card Data with Privacy Restrictions and Limited Penetration Rates (Erhardt,GD);
Perspectives on Transit: Potential Benefits of Visualizing Transit Data (Stewart,C, Diab,E, Bertini,R, and El-Geneidy,A);
BusViz: Big Data for Bus Fleets (Anwar,A, Odoni,A, amd Toh,N);
Rail Transit Ridership: Station-Area Analysis of Boston’s Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (Chen,S and Zegras,C);
Use of Mobile Device Wireless Signals to Determine Transit Route-Level Passenger Origin–Destination Flows: Methodology and Empirical Evaluation (Mishalani,RG, McCord,MR, and Reinhold,T);
Analysis of Grid Cell–Based Taxi Ridership with Large-Scale GPS Data (Nam,D, Hyun,K, Kim,H, Ahn,K, and Jayakrishnan,R);
Toward a Demand Estimation Model Based on Automated Vehicle Location Moreira-Matias,L and Cats,D).
Transportation Research Record 2546 contains the following papers: Operational Schedule Flexibility and Infrastructure Investment: Capacity Trade-Off on Single-Track Railways (Dick,CT and Mussanov,D);
Heterogeneous Valuation of Quality Dimensions of Railway Freight Service by Chinese Shippers: Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis (Duan,L, Rezaei,J, Tavasszy,L, and Chorus,C);
Washington State Short-Line Railroads: Case Study in Meeting 21st-Century Demands with 19th-Century Infrastructure (Sage,J, Eustice,JB, Casavant,K, and Herman,C);
Field Experiments with Train Stopping Positions at Schiphol Airport Train Station in Amsterdam, Netherlands (van den Heuval,J);
Model for Optimal Selection of Projects to Improve Running Time and Operating Cost Efficiency on Passenger Rail Corridors (Tang,H, Dick,CT, Caughron,BM, Feng,X, Wang,Q, and Barkan,CPL);
Timetable Optimization for High-Speed Rail with Multiple Operating Periods: Solving Method Based on a Framework of Lagrangian Relaxation Decomposition (Zhou,W and Yang,X);
Renewal and Development of Intercity Passenger Rail System: A Case of China (Ou,X, Zhang,G, and Chang,XY);
What Happened to Speed? Scheduled Speeds and Travel Times of North American Passenger Trains, 1965 to 2015 (Allen,JG and Levinson,HS);
Challenges and Opportunities in Implementation of Future California Rail Network (Levy,S, Faulkner,AA, and Sussman,JM);
Bigger and Different: Beginning to Understand the Role of High-Speed Rail in Developing China’s Future Supercities (Wu,Q, Perl,A, and Sun,J);
Research into Integrity of Glazing for Passenger Rail Equipment (Gordon,J, Llana,P, Severson,K, and Tyrell,D);
Viability of Natural Gas in Fuel Cell Traction for Heavy Freight Locomotion: Economic, Efficiency, and Technology Factors (Lidicker,J, Rothschild,A, and Dunnebacke,L);
Adaptive Fuzzy Planning of Optimal Speed Profiles for High-Speed Train Operation on the Basis of a Pareto Set (ShangGuan,W, Wang,J, Sheng,Z, Yu,XX, Cai,BG, and Wang,J);
Two-Train Trajectory Optimization with a Green-Wave Policy (Wang,P and Goverde,RMP);
Analysis of Collision Risk for Freight Trains in the United States (Liu,X);
Fault Tree Analysis of Adjacent Track Accidents on Shared-Use Rail Corridors (Lin,CY, Saat,MP, and Barkan,CPL).
Transportation Research Record 2551 contains the following papers: Accuracy of Ice Melting Capacity Tests: Review of Melting Data for Sodium Chloride (Nilssen,K, Klein-Paste,A, and Wahlin,J);
Superhydrophobic Coatings on Asphalt Concrete Surfaces: Toward Smart Solutions for Winter Pavement Maintenance (Arabzadeh,A, Ceylan,H, Kim,S, Gopalakrishnan,K, and Sassani,A);
Optimizing Environmental Sensor Station Locations for Road Weather Management: Overview and a Generalized Modeling Framework (Singh,AK, Li,J, Murphy,M, and Walton,CM);
Proactive Strategy for Variable Speed Limit Operations on Freeways Under Foggy Weather Conditions (Choi,S and Oh,C);
Expanding the Road Weather Information System for Avalanche Support (Idell-Sassi,L, Stickel,JR, Murphy,M, and Carter,P);
Development of a Sensor Platform for High-Accuracy Mapping of Roadway Lane Markings (Davis,B and Donath,M);
Piecewise Multiple Linear Models for Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity Prediction Under Effect of Winter Weather Events (Wang,C, Wang,Z, and Tsai,YC);
Connected Vehicle Solution for Winter Road Surface Condition Monitoring (Linton,MA and Fu,L);
Statistical Analysis for Assessing Highway Maintenance Level of Service (Adams,TM and Winkelman,B);
Use of Social Media by Transportation Agencies for Traffic Management (Wojtowicz,J and Wallace,WA);
Assessing Driver Speed Choice in Fog with the Use of Visibility Data from Road Weather Information Systems (McCann,K and Fontaine,MD);
Modeling Effects of Precipitation on Vehicle Speed: Floating Car Data Approach (Stamos,I, Grau,JMS, Mitsakis,E, and Aifadopoulou,G);
Chemical Melting of Ice: Effect of Solution Freezing Point on the Melting Rate (Wahlin,J and Klein-Paste,A);
Design and Performance Monitoring of Snow-Supporting Structures for the Milepost 151 Avalanche near Jackson, Wyoming (Hewes,JT, Decker,R, Merry,S, and Strain,S);
Energy-Regenerative Shock Absorber for Transportation Vehicles Based on Dual Overrunning Clutches: Design, Modeling, and Simulation (Liu,Y, Chen,W, Zhang,Z, and Hua,G);
Fire Risk Assessment for Highway Bridges in South Korea (Kim,WS, Jeoung,C, Gil,H, Lee,I, Yun,SH, and Moon,DY).
Transportation Research Record 2555 contains the following papers: What Role Do Precrash Driver Actions Play in Work Zone Crashes? Application of Hierarchical Models to Crash Data (Liu,J, Khattak,A, and Zhang,M);
Traffic Control at Access Points Within Alternating One-Way Operations (Finley,MD);
Model Development for Use of Portable Traffic Signals in Conjunction with Pilot Car Operations at Two-Lane, Two-Way Rural Highway Work Zones (Schrock,SD, Patil,SS, and Fitzsimmons,EJ);
Legibility of the Clearview Typeface and FHWA Standard Alphabets on Negative- and Positive-Contrast Signs (Garvey,PM, Klena,MJ, Eie,WY, Meeker,DT, and Pietrucha,MT, with discussion by Bullough,JD);
Work Zone Crash Cost Prediction with a Least Median Squares Linear Regression Model (Cheng,Y, Parker,ST, Ran,B, and Noyce,DA);
Safety Effects of Portable End-of-Queue Warning System Deployments at Texas Work Zones (Ullman,GL, Iragavarapu,V, and Brydia,RE);
Variable Speed Limit Study Upstream of an Indiana Work Zone with Vehicle Matching (Mekker,MM, Remias,SM, Bunnell,WA, Krohn,DW, Cox,ED, and Bullock,DM);
Impact of Advisory Signs on Vehicle Speeds in Highway Nighttime Paving Project Work Zones (Gambatese,J and Zhang,F);
Portable Traffic Signals in Conjunction with Pilot Car Operations at Two-Lane, Two-Way Rural Highway Work Zones (Schrock,SD, Patil,SS, and Fitsimmons,EJ);
Assessment of an Adaptive Driving Beam Headlighting System: Visibility and Glare (Bullough,JD, Skinner,NP, and Plummer,TT);
Road Lighting Effects on Bicycle and Pedestrian Accident Frequency: Case Study in Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Niaki,MSN, Fu,T, Saunier,N, Miranda-Moreno,LF, Amador,L, and Bruneau,JF);
Safety Effects of Street Illuminance at Urban Signalized Intersections in Florida (Wei,F, Wang,Z, Lin,PS, Hsu,PP, Ozkul,S, Jackman,J, and Bato,M);
Guidelines for Traffic Control Devices at Changes in Horizontal Alignment (Brimley,BK, Carlson,PJ, Hawkins Jr,HG, Himes,S, Gross,F, and McGee,H);
Updated Model for Advance Placement of Turn and Curve Warning Signs (Hawkins Jr,HG, Brimley,BK, and Calson,PJ).
Transportation Research Record 2556 contains the following papers: Roundabouts as a Form of Access Management (Michalaka,D, Xu,R, Page,JJ, Steiner,RL, Washburn,S, and Elefteriadou,L);
Statistical Analysis of Effects of Access, Traffic Exposure, and Frontage Parameters on Sale Price of Commercial Real Property in Kansas (Huffman,C and Longhofer,SD);
Site-Specific Safety Analysis of Diverging Diamond Interchange Ramp Terminals (Claros,B, Edara,P, and Sun,C);
Passing Behavior on Two-Lane Roads in Real and Simulated Environments (Llorca,C and Farah,H);
Critical Assessment of Methodologies for Operations and Safety Evaluations of Freeway Turbulence (van Beinum,A, Farah,H, Wegman,F, and Hoogendoorn,S);
Maintenance of Traffic for Innovative Geometric Design Work Zones (Brown,H, Cope,T, Khezerzadeh,A, Sun,C, and Edara,P);
Optimization of Variable Approach Lane Use at Isolated Signalized Intersections (Zhou,H, Ding,J, and Qin,X);
Impact of Exit Ramp Geometric Treatments at Diverging Diamond Interchanges on Queue Spillback (Warchol,S, Schroeder,BJ, and Cunningham,C);
Examination of the Free-Flow Speed Distribution on Two-Lane Rural Roads (Garcia-Jiménez,ME, Pérez-Zuriaga,AM, Llopis-Castelló,D, Camacho-Torregrosa,FJ, and Garcia,A).
Transportation Research Record 2557 contains the following papers: Signal Timing for Diverging Diamond Interchanges: Fundamentals, Concepts, and Recommended Applications (Cunningham,C, Schroeder,BJ, Phillips,S, Urbanik,T, Warchol,S, and Tanaka,A);
High-Resolution Field Evaluation of Radar-Based Dilemma Zone Protection System (Abbas,MM, Wang,Q, Higgs,B, Sarabi,DZ, Machiani,SG, and Mladenovic,MN);
Impact of Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory on Unsignalized Side-Street Traffic (Radivojevic,D, Stevanovic,J, and Stevanovic,A);
Innovative Method for Remotely Fine-Tuning Offsets Along a Diverging Diamond Interchange Corridor (Kim,SK, Warchol,S, Schroeder,BJ, and Cunningham,C);
Multimodal Data Analytics Comparative Visualization Tool: Case Study of Pedestrian Crossing Design (Khoshmagham,S, Head,KL, Feng,Y, and Zamanipour,M);
Understanding the Factors Underlying Variation in Detection Errors of Video- and Thermal-Imaging Cameras (Yang,J, Zuo,B, and Kim,SH);
Performance Analysis of Centralized and Distributed Systems for Urban Traffic Control (Chow,AHF and Sha,R);
Predictive–Tentative Transit Signal Priority with Self-Organizing Traffic Signal Control (Moghimidarzi,SB, Furth,PG, and Cesme,B);
Efficient Priority Control Model for Multimodal Traffic Signals (Zamanipour,M, Head,KL, Feng,Y, and Khoshmagham,S);
Safety-Related Guidelines for Time-of-Day Changes in Left-Turn Phasing (Davis,GA, Moshtagh,V, and Hourdos,J);
Characterizing Emergency Vehicle Preemption Operation with High-Resolution Traffic Signal Event Data (Chou,CS and Nichols,AP).
Transportation Research Record 2558 contains the following papers: Arterial Progression Optimization Using OD-BAND: Case Study and Extensions (Arsava,T, Xie,Y, and Gartner,NH);
Connected Vehicle–Based Adaptive Signal Control and Applications (Feng,Y, Zamanipour,M, Head,KL, and Khoshmagham,S);
Managing User Delay with a Focus on Pedestrian Operations (Sobie,C, Smaglik,E, Sharma,A, Kading,A, Kothuri,S, and Koonce,P);
Automated Turning Movement Counts for Shared Lanes: Leveraging Vehicle Detection Data (Santiago-Chaparro,KR, Chitturi,M, Bill,A, and Noyce,DA);
Use of High-Resolution Signal Controller Data to Identify Red Light Running (Lavrenz,SM, Day,CM, Grossman,J, Freije,R, and Bullock,DM);
Detector-Free Signal Offset Optimization with Limited Connected Vehicle Market Penetration: Proof-of-Concept Study (Day,CM and Bullock,DM);
Assessing Longitudinal Arterial Performance and Traffic Signal Retiming Outcomes (Lavrenz,SM, Day,CM, Smith,WB, Sturdevant,JR, and Bullock,DM);
Optimal Cycle-Length Formulas for Intersections With or Without Transit Signal Priority (Wolput,B, Christofa,E, and TampèreCMJ);
Multimodal Intelligent Traffic Signal System Simulation Model Development and Assessment (Ahn,K, Rakha,HA, Kang,K, and Vadapat,G).
Reliable data provides the foundation upon which transportation professionals base their work. Without reliable data, they are unable to develop solid conclusions and recommendations for a myriad of projects and applications.
One of the main forms of data that transportation professionals rely upon in long-range planning projects, more specifically Transportation Master Plans, is origin-destination (O-D) survey data. This data typically identifies where people are traveling, why and how often and helps determine what transportation system changes and improvements will be required to accommodate transportation needs in the future.
Oxford County is located in Southwestern Ontario. It covers 2,040 square kilometres (788 square miles) with a 2016 census population of 110,862 persons. The County has five (5) rural municipalities and three (3) urban municipalities and is responsible for the management and maintenance of 614 kilometres of road. In 2016, Oxford County initiated an update to their Transportation Master Plan (TMP). An O-D survey was carried out as part of this update.
Oxford County is progressive from the perspectives of sustainability and investment in new and emerging technologies. Instead of utilizing traditional survey methodologies (direct interview, mail out/mail back) to collect the O-D data, the decision was made to use Media Access Control (MAC) address capture technology to record the survey data since use of this technology is in line with the County’s initiatives. The data was collected using Miovision Scout data collection cameras with connected adapters. The adapters captured MAC addresses from Wi-Fi enabled devices within a 30 metre (+/-) radius of each unit. The Scout camera units collect traffic count data concurrent to the MAC address data capture. Use of this technology permitted more data to be collected over a longer period of time at a lower cost. Furthermore, the MAC technology required significantly fewer human resources and allowed data to be collected in a passive manner that did not impact traffic operations or rely on people’s willingness to participate in a survey. With fewer human resources needed within the road allowance, there are also safety benefits to using this technology.
The City of Red Deer wishes to develop a multimodal future. The objective is for all residents – be they on foot, bicycle, in transit or in private vehicle - feel comfortable and safe to travel by their chosen mode. The aim is to provide the space, the design and budget for all modes to travel but without unduly delaying motor vehicles. This is a big task. To shift the space allocations in the public realm to create this future requires deliberate action for the users on the street. To better target the action, an analysis tool was devised.
As an example of the utility of an index, the Canadian Forest Service devised the Fire Weather Index (FWI) to establish a common understanding across forest types and topography of relative ‘Fire Weather’. Likewise, it is well understood how motor vehicle Level of Service (LOS) is used and applied to city streets. Similarly, a new measuring tool envisaged providing an objective ‘user view’ to gather what is present which helps or hinders the user from achieving their objective – travel along a corridor or through an intersection – in a consistent manner. It was determined that an easy and transparent spreadsheet measuring quantitative elements by mode and by segment is likely to have the greatest utility, support across departments and potentially be useful in engaging with the public to demonstrate decision choices.
As developed, the Multimodal Transportation Index (MTI) measures both the a) current status of a transportation corridor and b) the proposed addition of component parts (elements) users of each mode of transportation require for safety, comfort, quality and connection. It can be used before and after the design process as well as before and after the construction phases.
The presence of the elements contributes to a score of A-F, much like conventional LOS, which will encourage the safe and comfortable use of each space to connect to other parts of the city on quality infrastructure. Users of each mode are thereby encouraged to travel these routes with a better experience which translates to higher mode uptake and continued use of the investment.
The critical elements form a basis for the planning and design for each space to provide high quality service to city residents and visitors. The elements are a list including the presence of dual para-ramps, boulevard setbacks from back of curb to vehicle travel, presence of street trees, wayfinding, bicycle facility type and appropriate application to road design speed, transit shelters and their amenities, transit travel time and frequency (head way) and pavement quality, among many others.
It is anticipated that this will lead to achieving many of the co-benefits and policy goals listed in the City of Red Deer’s Environmental Masterplan, and the Mobility Playbook; and advances the objectives of the Multimodal Transportation Plan and the Neighbourhood Planning and Design Standards, which the City of Red Deer has set. The MTI is a calculated and measured approach towards using the right of way to provide safe travel options, to a standard (A-F) which is acceptable by council and as a benchmarking tool measuring change over time.
A series of examples of street views and scores will be presented and well as proposed designs and the resulting MTI score change.
A Canadian city was planning a set of future transit service modifications, including introduction of new bus routes. These would be accommodated at a future neighbourhood bus terminal, with an adjacent park and ride lot. The site was chosen in part because high volumes of traffic currently pass by the location, providing a potential travel market for the new services.
West of the site, the adjacent road climbs a hill with grades over 11%. The need for a new bus terminal access near the base of the steep hill has potential operational and safety problems during winter, including downhill stopping and uphill climbing from the bus terminal. These challenges required exploration of several design options, including traffic control, modified intersection configurations, and revised alignments and profiles for the collector road. These options were evaluated with City stakeholder input, considering operational, safety, complete streets and travel time objectives. The final functional design was a combination of a modified profile for the collector road, with a traffic signal introduced at the new access point.
This paper describes the design objectives, existing conditions, resulting challenges, options developed, and the considerations that led to selection of the functional design for the bus terminal site access.
Impacts to traffic and the ongoing debate around grade separations are some of the most highly debated issues along planned LRT corridors. Edmonton’s 2017 municipal election brought many related issues to the fore, including: increased demands for the technical rationale behind decisions; a need for a more defined toolkit for decision-making regarding intersection performance; and greater clarity around City vision and project trade-offs.
As a result, the City of Edmonton’s LRT Delivery group, in conjunction with other key City personnel and a study of industry best practices, developed a process and accompanying evaluation criteria to both clarify its own processes and assist City Council in making these critical decisions.
The framework developed consists of a three phased approach that aims to balance sustainable urban integration principles with impacts to network operations. This framework is being used to guide decisions on both new LRT alignments as well as expansions to the existing network and has recently assisted City Council in making critical decisions along the Valley Line West and Metro Line corridors.
Portions of Calgary’s light rail system (the C-Train) operate at grade, parallel to roadways. The public has expressed concern that an upcoming expansion to the rail network will negatively impact vehicle travel times at intersections where the C-Train track and roads intersect. This study was created to quantify the effects of existing C-Train/vehicle conflicts on vehicle travel time. It utilized C-Train arrival and departure times, GPS locations of a pace car, and automated Bluetooth detectors to characterize vehicle travel times through a major intersection during peak volume hours. The combined results suggest that delays caused by conflicts with the C-Train are common, and the resulting delays are similar in duration to the delay caused by regular signal cycles.
This paper summarizes the investigation into coordinating traffic signal times along the Dunsmuir Street corridor in downtown Vancouver (Canada) for the benefit of cyclists. The objective of this paper is to show how to reduce the total waiting time for cyclists by adjusting the optimization speed of traffic lights. Major sources of data include historical traffic volume data provided by the City of Vancouver, manual collection of pedestrian counts and manual collection of bicycle counts. Bike speed data along Dunsmuir Street was recorded using a microcontroller to determine average speeds along various slopes in the corridor and variation amongst users. Space time plots were used to graphically determine signal offsets that would improve bicycle progression along the corridor, based on measured bicycle speed, while mitigating impact on motor vehicles. The sum of all the bandwidth gains and losses from all streets are added to calculate the change in waiting time. Data was also used in modelling the current day transportation impact along Dunsmuir Street to motorized vehicles. The paper shows that coordinating traffic signal for bicycles can be achieved with no significant impact on delay time and level of service to vehicles. The average number of stops a cyclist encounter is reduced, as well as a reduction in the wait time at a red lights.
Various Light Rail Transit (LRT) projects are currently being constructed or planned in several jurisdictions across Canada. With many projects now in the planning stages, agencies are defining how LRT operations are governed, modelled, and evaluated. Different jurisdictions, agencies, and consultants tackle operations differently which can affect the final outputs from a technical perspective. Typically, each LRT line varies in design and operation— from street running with basic Transit Signal Priority to lines with gated operation—requiring modeling unique situations. There are innovations in modelling processes resulting in better outcomes in the planning stage by garnering more confidence in outputs such as the LRT and traffic operational models. The significance of improving outputs reliability, such as LRT run time, traffic Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) including those for active modes, is that they set the expectation for opening day operations. Depending on the project’s funding and procurement method, the outputs can become part of Project Agreements (PAs) which govern penalties and relief events for operations during the concession period. Jurisdictions, agencies, and practitioners may develop guidelines, tools, and processes to control the quality of traffic forecasts and micro-simulation models. This would help achieve consistency between different models, such as LRT models and traffic models.
The Valley Line West is a proposed extension of the Valley Line LRT project currently under construction in Edmonton. The Valley Line West is planned to be a low floor urban integrated LRT concept with many in-street running segments. The planning process involves modelling the interactions between the LRT, vehicular traffic and pedestrians to achieve a balanced approach between all modes. An extensive modelling exercise is currently underway and involves the integration of the following models: Edmonton Region Travel Model (RTM) – An EMME based macroscopic model for travel demand forecasting; City of Edmonton Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) Model – A Dynameq based mesoscopic sub area model for network-wide traffic diversion impact analysis; Valley West LRT VISSIM Model – A microsimulation traffic model for detailed operational analysis; OpenTrack Model – An LRT operational modelling tool.
The modelling team has developed an integrated and iterative approach whereby the various models feed into each other. This paper highlights and details of modelling approach undertaken towards meeting the goals of the project. This paper focuses on processes rather than the results. This will include an innovative in-house developed program that integrates VISSIM and OpenTrack to achieve better results for both traffic and LRT modelling.
Climate change has the potential to transcend our way of life, and a key element of that is how we get around. Increasingly severe weather events such as snowstorms, hurricanes, or flash floods, or slower processes such as rising water levels, may leave our highways underwater, our transportation hubs isolated, and our rail lines blocked. Under these conditions, the ability of the overall transportation network to continue to allow emergency responders to act and people to evacuate will be placed under a severe strain. At this point, a transportation network unable to cope with the conditions may result in mobility chaos at best and disaster at worst, making it critical to incorporate resilience testing into future network planning.
The Greater Golden Horseshoe Transportation Plan, currently under development by the Ontario Ministry of Transportation (MTO), will test network and service elements in the region under pressure to ensure proofing of transportation infrastructure in Southern Ontario against future conditions. One way in which this could be tested is by assessing the resilience of the existing network to major and recurring events using long range modelling and macroscopic forecasting tools. Using such tools we can stress-test the busiest and most critical network elements and mimic the impact of inclement weather events, or emergency situations, such as the closure of a major rail terminal or highway corridor, or the blockage of interchanges along the busiest freeways, and evaluate for each scenario how resilient the overall network is in reacting to and accommodating demand.
A different application of a similar approach could be considered when planning for future road and rail infrastructure in an attempt to act pre-emptively and offset the impact of climate change. Certain locations, such as floodplains, areas susceptible to blowing snow, and urban heat islands, inherently place more stress on infrastructure, and pose higher risks to people and goods travelling through them. Using macroscopic forecasting models and GIS tools we can identify the demand that a potential corridor would generate and compare the extent of infrastructure or the demand in terms of people, vehicles, and value of goods that would use the risk-prone corridors. This approach could help us identify “safer” routes, corridors and infrastructure elements in order to build resilient transportation networks.
Les panneaux d’affichage dynamique de la vitesse sont utilisés dans plusieurs provinces et territoires du Canada. Ils permettent aux conducteurs de voir leur vitesse, habituellement affichée à côté du panneau indiquant la limite de vitesse permise. Ces dispositifs sont destinés à faire prendre conscience aux conducteurs des limites de vitesse en affichant en temps réel la vitesse à laquelle ils conduisent leur véhicule. On a pu constater qu’ils sont efficaces peu de temps après leur installation.
Les Lignes directrices pour l’utilisation des panneaux d’affichage de la vitesse ont été mises au point afin de définir les meilleures pratiques et de fournir des recommandations pour la conception et l’utilisation de panneaux d’affichage de la vitesse dans le contexte canadien pour diverses situations. Ces Lignes directrices permettent et favorisent l’uniformité dans l’utilisation des dispositifs dans tout le Canada; elles ont été rédigées dans le but de servir de document de référence détaillé complémentaire à utiliser conjointement avec le Manuel canadien de la signalisation routière (MCSR).
Les murs de soutènement de sol stabilisé mécaniquement (MSSM) sont depuis longtemps utilisés comme murs de soutènement, mais il n’est pas toujours évident de déterminer qui est l’ultime responsable de la conception, de l’assurance de la qualité, de la gestion des actifs et de la réparation des murs, ainsi que de la surveillance en service des murs déjà construits, en particulier en cas de problèmes importants relativement à la construction ou la tenue en service.
Le présent guide offre aux maîtres d’ouvrages, ingénieurs, fournisseurs et entrepreneurs des MSSM des lignes directrices pratiques en matière de sélection, de conception, de construction et d’inspection de ces ouvrages, surtout dans le cadre de projets de travaux publics. Le guide a été élaboré sur la base de l’examen de la littérature existante, complétée par de l’information transmise par divers intervenants dans ce domaine. Il ne cherche pas à reproduire les très nombreuses lignes directrices de conception déjà publiées, ni l’information connexe. Il vise plutôt à mettre en évidence les diverses facettes de l’état actuel de la pratique au Canada et à proposer des modifications à la pratique actuelle afin de corriger certaines lacunes.
This manual has been developed to assist bridge owners by establishing inspection procedures and evaluation practices that meet the National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS). The manual has been divided into eight sections, with each section representing a distinct phase of an overall bridge inspection and evaluation program. This edition updates Sections 3: Bridge Management Systems; 4: Inspection; 6: Load Rating; and 7: Fatigue Evaluation of Steel Bridges.
Le Code de bonne pratique pour les revêtements modulaires en pierre naturelle constitue un ouvrage de référence pour la sélection des matériaux (tant des éléments en pierre naturelle, que des matériaux de jointoiement et de couche de pose), la conception et le dimensionnement de projets, la mise en oeuvre et l’entretien des voiries en pierre naturelle. La fabrication d’un élément en pierre naturelle trouvant tout d’abord son origine dans des processus qui datent parfois de plusieurs centaines de millions d’années, une introduction du document consacrée à la géologie trouve tout son sens, d’autant plus que l’aspect et les caractéristiques de la pierre y sont fortement liés.
Ce document tient compte de l’évolution des techniques de pose et de mise en oeuvre que l’on a pu observer ces dernières décennies suite à la mise sur le marché de matériaux moins traditionnels.
Le code de bonne pratique se veut un document technique de base pour toute personne impliquée dans un projet d’aménagement en pierre naturelle. Il s’adresse aux concepteurs, architectes, entrepreneurs, gestionnaires publics ou privés, ou fournisseurs de matériaux.
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