Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Armando Cartenì |
Author | Vittorio Marzano |
Author | Ilaria Henke |
Author | Ennio Cascetta |
URL | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X21003668 |
Volume | 116 |
Pages | 386-398 |
Publication | Transport Policy |
Date | February 1, 2022 |
Journal Abbr | Transport Policy |
DOI | 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.12.013 |
Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
Language | en |
Abstract | Decision-making processes related to transportation systems are often very complex, belonging to the class of “wicked problems” in social studies. The literature and the media abound in examples of transportation planning “failures” including decisions made, delayed or withdrawn without any traceable motivations, public opposition, public opposition, extra costs/implementation times and outright cancellation, wrong traffic/revenue forecasts. Planning failures stem from several causes, including technical errors in forecasting predictable effects, lack of consensus, new governance cycles and inability to recognize the intrinsic uncertainty affecting some key variables. The underlying assumption of this paper is that the quality of the decision-making process critically depends on how the process is structured and managed. The paper proposes a conceptual model to represent and organize transport planning as a cognitive decision-making process with strong involvement of different stakeholders in various stages, accounting for different levels of uncertainty and including short- and long-term decisions options. The result is a planning process that allows for changes in objectives, strategies and decisions during different stages of the process itself, as is usually the case when different governance and socio-economic cycles succeed over time. However, the process maintains a form of procedural consistency and is intended to counteract the “Penelope syndrome”, whereby decisions made under previous governance cycles are undone regardless of their merits and costs. The real-life implementation of the proposed model requires strong “political commitment” to an open and accountable decision-making process, a technical structure able to act as “process owner” coordinating technical and engagement activities, and a general societal attitude towards organized participation to public decision making. The proposed model was applied to the Regional Transportation Plan of Veneto in Italy where the above conditions applied. A number of lessons were learnt from that exercise: i) stakeholders’ engagement revealed an important potential to manage uncertainty and increase consensus; ii) flexibility and robustness with respect to medium–to–high uncertainty levels already recognized at the time of the plan (immediately before the COVID-19 crisis) were an appreciated feature of the plan; iii) separation between mature decisions and those needing further analysis was a success strategy, reducing political “decision costs” (from naysaying) by delaying decisions still recognizing underlying needs; iv) reduced decision time (a largely bi-partisan vote in less than one year). |
Date Added | 1/13/2022, 9:32:39 AM |
Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Beda Büchel |
Author | Alessio Daniele Marra |
Author | Francesco Corman |
URL | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X21003565 |
Volume | 116 |
Pages | 144-156 |
Publication | Transport Policy |
Date | February 1, 2022 |
Journal Abbr | Transport Policy |
DOI | 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.12.003 |
Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
Language | en |
Abstract | Across the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced people to reconsider their habits in terms of how they work, how they interact with each other, and of their mobility. During lockdowns, mobility was in general significantly reduced. Means of collective transportation were used much less, and people preferred means of individual transport. Evidence from some cities suggests that people turned to cycling as a resilient and reliable option with a small risk of contagiousness. This spike in demand led some governments to respond by opening additional bike lanes, reducing the fees of bike-sharing systems, banning cars on selected streets, or giving monetary incentives for the purchase of new bikes. We analyze the bike traffic in Basel and Zurich, two major Swiss cities. Throughout the pandemic, no specific measure to promote cycling was implemented in any of the two cities; we can thus see latent demand patterns exposed when conditions change. As cycling depends on the season and weather, we incorporate these data and correct the traffic counts hereby. We can identify a distinct change in cycling traffic over the course of the day. During the lockdown period, relatively more traffic is observed in the afternoon, possibly associated with leisure activities. Furthermore, there is a short-term drop in the corrected cycling traffic and a fast recovery, demonstrating cycling as a resilient transport mode. Soon bike traffic reached pre-lockdown levels, but no significant increase could be identified, possibly attributed to the absence of explicit policy measures. We furthermore survey a panel of bike policy experts to identify policy actions that could be taken in Basel and Zurich to increase bike usage. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupts life as we know it, leading people to reconsider their travel choices. Given authorities' desire to increase bike usage, it represents a window of opportunity to test new policy measures, increase bike trips of active cyclists, and attract new cyclists. As long as this window is open, people are susceptible to policy measures to reconsidering past choices. However, if no policy measures are conducted during the pandemic, as in the case study, it is likely that bike usage is not increased in the long run. Authorities are well-advised to take this opportunity to strengthen cycling and to lead to a more resilient, accessible, safe, and sustainable urban transport system. |
Date Added | 1/13/2022, 9:18:11 AM |
Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Dimitris Gavalas |
Author | Theodoros Syriopoulos |
Author | Michael Tsatsaronis |
URL | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X21003371 |
Volume | 116 |
Pages | 157-164 |
Publication | Transport Policy |
Date | February 1, 2022 |
Journal Abbr | Transport Policy |
DOI | 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.11.016 |
Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
Language | en |
Abstract | The COVID-19 pandemic, apart from leading to human cases and deaths, is also distracting the shipping stock market and the Baltic Indices. While event studies, as well as macroeconomic research has been conducted in the literature, we have not witnessed any effort yet to investigate how external shocks - and in particular the COVID-19 outbreak - may impinge on the shipping markets. Therefore, our research tries to fill in this gap by studying how a sanitary incident might influence shipping freight rates and stock values. We have used a market-model event study approach to investigate how fast and comprehensively shipping markets react upon certain latest evidence. To quantify the pandemic's economic impact, we estimated the abnormal returns; in a phase before and after the event, they may work as a measure of the unexpected effect of the event on a shipping firm's performance. The data that we have used in stock analysis come from a major shipping index, while for our freight study, time-series come from all main Baltic indices. Our results show that according to the key date set as the event window, different results appear of how pandemic-proof the dry market, the tanker market, and the shipping stock market have proven to be. |
Date Added | 1/13/2022, 9:33:03 AM |
Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Mohsen Fallah Zavareh |
Author | Milad Mehdizadeh |
Author | Trond Nordfjærn |
URL | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369847821002886 |
Volume | 84 |
Pages | 348-362 |
Publication | Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour |
Date | January 1, 2022 |
Journal Abbr | Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour |
DOI | 10.1016/j.trf.2021.12.010 |
Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
Language | en |
Abstract | The rapid surge of COVID-19 cases worldwide drew attention to COVID-19 infection as a new source of risk in transport. The virus introduced a need for viral transmission mitigation as a major priority when selecting a mode of travel, and caused a significant drop in public transport use. The recovery of public transport use in the post-COVID period requires that the transport authorities favourably address people’s demand for mitigation of the risk of COVID-19 transmission in public transport. The present study aims to explore the role of risk perception, worry and priority of COVID-19 risk reduction along with fatalistic beliefs and public trust in authorities in explaining public demand for risk mitigation. The present study is among the first to investigate the role of fatalistic beliefs, social trust and risk perception for public transport and public demand for risk mitigation. The link between priority of infection prevention and demand for risk mitigation has also been less explored in public transport research. An online survey was conducted among university students in Iran between 19th April and 16th June 2020, during the first wave of the pandemic, when the country was a major epicentre of the disease. A total of 271 out of 370 respondents whose dominant mode on university travels was public transport were included in the analysis. Results of structural equation modelling confirmed the paradox of trust, indicating that social trust is negatively associated with perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, which in turn may lead people to place less importance on COVID-19 prevention as a priority in travel mode choice, and consequently demand less risk mitigation efforts to prevent COVID-19 infection in public transport. Dissimilar to trust, however, the results revealed no relationship between fatalistic beliefs and risk perception, but a significant direct effect of fatalistic beliefs on demand for risk mitigation. To reinforce public demand for mitigating the risk of COVID-19 in public transport, the study calls on policymakers to exploit public trust resources for more effective risk communication, through disseminating the gradually accumulating evidence-based information regarding the infectivity and the virulence of COVID-19 and the scientific risk of infection. The study also underlined the potential importance of considering fatalistic beliefs when developing effective risk communication policies and practices to enhance public support for COVID-19 risk mitigation in public transport. |
Date Added | 1/13/2022, 10:09:40 AM |
Type | Journal Article |
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Author | B. R. Naveen |
Author | Anjula Gurtoo |
URL | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X21003589 |
Volume | 116 |
Pages | 165-174 |
Publication | Transport Policy |
Date | February 1, 2022 |
Journal Abbr | Transport Policy |
DOI | 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.12.005 |
Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
Language | en |
Abstract | As countries across the world modify their travel in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, the first casualty becomes the public transport sector. Transport authorities across the world have reported about 95% reduction in users during peak COVID-19, decrease of fare box revenues and additional costs for disinfecting and implementing physical distancing measures. The public transport companies in India face a larger crisis as nearly 85% people travelling intercity use public road transport in normal times. In this paper we drawpassenger clusters based on their travel dynamics and develop two frameworks, namely, passenger driven transportation strategy framework and epidemic prevention strategy framework to deal with the COVID-19 induced travel changes. The frameworks use three tenets of mobility, namely, agility, integrated movement, and public based partnership. The strategies aim to enable the transport enterprises to open new windows of travel and efficiencies for the passengers rather than restricting access and choices. However, security remains fundamental to making these new and innovative service changes possible. |
Date Added | 1/13/2022, 9:18:56 AM |
Type | Journal Article |
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Author | Alessio D. Marra |
Author | Linghang Sun |
Author | Francesco Corman |
URL | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967070X21003620 |
Volume | 116 |
Pages | 258-268 |
Publication | Transport Policy |
Date | February 1, 2022 |
Journal Abbr | Transport Policy |
DOI | 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.12.009 |
Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
Language | en |
Abstract | The COVID-19 pandemic strongly affected mobility around the world. Public transport was particularly hindered, since people may perceive it as unsafe and decide to avoid it. Moreover, in Switzerland, several restrictions were applied at the beginning of the first pandemic wave (16/03/2020), to reduce the contagion. This study observes how the pandemic affected travel behaviour of public transport users, focusing on route choice and recurrent trips. We conducted a travel survey based on GPS tracking during the first pandemic wave, following 48 users for more than 4 months. The very same users were also tracked in spring 2019, allowing a precise comparison of travel behaviour before and during the pandemic. We analyse how the pandemic affected users, in terms of travel distance, mode share and location during the day. We specifically focus on recurrent trips, commuting and non-commuting, observing how mode and route changed between the two different periods. Finally, we estimate a route choice model for public transport (Mixed Path Size Logit), based on trips during the two different years, to identify how the route choice criteria changed during the pandemic. The main differences identified in travel behaviour during the pandemic are a different perception of costs of transfers and of travel time in train, and that users no longer have a clear preferred route for a recurrent trip, but often choose different routes. |
Date Added | 1/13/2022, 9:20:56 AM |