Transportation Intelligence

Volume 1 Number 5

August 2003


Structures
Pavements
Development & Management
Urban
Safety
Traffic Control
Recent Reports
Feedback

Safety
Proactive Approach to Safety Planning
Safety-conscious planning (SCP) is a relatively new concept in the U.S. lexicon. Safety-planning initiatives traditionally have been reactive in nature. The tendency in traditional planning is to identify a problem primarily through analysis of accident data and implement an appropriate enforcement, education, or engineering countermeasure. SCP instead implies a proactive approach aimed at preventing accidents and unsafe conditions. (Public Roads, May/June 2003, p. 6-9)

Traffic Control
Innovative Traffic Management Practices in Small Communities
Aiming to draw attention to progressive and innovative traffic management practices that could be viable in similar locations or situations, this report features five model small communities. The exam­ples have been selected in order to achieve a balance of varying population sizes, traffic management solution types, and geographical locations. (FHWA Report FHWA-OP-02-033, August 2002).

Research
LED Technology for Improved Conspicuity of Signal Lights at Highway-Railway Grade Crossings
The purpose of this project was to establish a national performance standard for LED signal lights at highway-railway grade crossings. The project first examined the existing performance standards for incandescent signal lights for grade crossings and traffic lights. In consultation with a broad spectrum of stakeholders, basic criteria were established for a new standard that would apply to LED signal lights at grade crossings. (Transport Canada, TP 14043E, February 2003, 124 p.)

 

Structures

A New Approach to Programming Maintenance Activities for Concrete Bridge Decks
This paper presents an approach to programming maintenance alternatives for a network of concrete bridge decks using genetic algorithms and Markovian performance prediction models. Genetic algorithms are robust and stochastic optimization techniques that overcome the mathematical complications and combinatorial explosion problems of the conventional optimization techniques. Markovian models are the state-of-the art stochastic models used in several maintenance management systems to predict the future condition for a network of infrastructure facilities. An illustrative example for finding the optimal maintenance alternatives for concrete bridge decks using field data is presented to demonstrate the feasibility and capability of the proposed approach. (National Research Council Institute for Research in Construction, June 2003)

Fissuration des ouvrages en béton armé - Auscultation par mesure de résistivité électrique (Cracking of Reinforced Concrete Structures: Investigation by Means of Electrical Resitivity Measurement)
This technique consists of evaluating, with the help of a square quadripolar device, the apparent resistivity of structural cladding on the basis of a surface measurement, which then allows characterizing the corresponding electrical anisotropy. In durability terms, cracking is typically identified as a penalizing factor for reinforced concrete structures. Both the detection and complete characterization of cracking are thus of significant interest in comprehending a structure's state of damage. The modeling work presented herein, supplemented by measurements conducted on either artificially or physically-altered structural elements, serves to illustrate the capacity of the technique to detect and locate cracking. This investigation procedure also allows for the partial characterization of crack typology. (Bulletin des Laboratoires des ponts et chaussées, #239, juillet-août 2003, p. 79-91.).(Request this item from TIS)

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Pavements

Correcting Problem Concrete Pavements
Concrete pavements are noted and specified for their longevity and ease of maintenance. As a result, most ills that befall portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements are the result of flaws in the initial construction or lack of maintenance inspection. This article looks at concrete pavement restoration (CPR) implementation in the field and at ways PCC pavements can be constructed to preclude the need for CPR in the first place. (Better Roads, May 2003, p. 32-38.)

 

Assessment of Selected LTPP Material: Data Tables and Development of Representative Test Tables
This report documents an evaluation of selected Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) material data tables as of January 2000. Issues addressed include the availability, characteristics, and quality of the data in the selected tables. Anomolies in the data were identified and corrected where possible, and the "cleaned-out" data were used in developing representative data tables. Recommendations for adjustments in the current data collection process are also presented. (FHWA Report FHWA-RD-02-001, March 2003, 304 p.).(Request this item from TIS)

Effect of Aggregate Spacing on Skid Resistance of Asphalt Pavement
In the design of skid resistant asphalt pavements, it is a common practice in pavement engineering to perform laboratory tests to ensure that the paving aggregate has the required frictional resistance and wheel-polishing resistance, and to specify a minimum surface texture depth of the completed pavement to provide adequate surface drainage for safe travel in wet weather. This paper describes a laboratory study to examine the effect of aggregate gap width on frictional resistance of laboratory prepared specimens. (Journal of Transportation Engineering, July/August 2003, p. 420-426.).(Request this item from TIS)

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Development & Management

Combining audits on quality and environmental management systems
ISO/TC 176 on quality management and ISO/TC 207 on environmental management have developed in close cooperation a joint standard on auditing that responds to and supports current business practices aimed at combining audits on quality and environmental management systems. (ISO Bulletin, December 2002, p. 19-23.)

Bridge Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
This report and CD-ROM contains the findings of a study to develop a methodology for bridge life-cycle cost analysis (BLCCA) for use by transportation agencies. The report describes the research effort leading to the recommended methodology and includes a guidance manual for carrying out BLCCA and software that automates the methodology. (Transportation Research Board, NCHRP Report 483, 2003, 96 p. and CD-ROM.).(Request this item from TIS)

A cost recovery system for speed and red-light cameras - two year pilot evaluation
In April 2000, a cost recovery system for speed and red-light cameras was introduced in eight pilot areas in England, Wales and Scotland. The eight areas were selected to represent a range of geographies, casualty reduction strategies and enforcement technologies. This report sets out the results from the pilot areas and assesses the implications for speed and red-light camera enforcement in the future. (United Kingdom Department for Transportation, February 2003, 70 p.)

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Urban

Walls of Fame
In the past, transportation agencies focused on ensuring that barriers reduce noise, but in recent years designers have given increased attention to the aesthetic qualities of these walls. Designers are involving the public in making decisions about the look and feel of existing and new barriers. (Public Roads, May/June 2003, p. 10-17.)

 

Evaluating Effects of Travel Demand Management in a Medium-Sized Urban Area: The Study of I-40 Greensboro-Winston-Salem Corridor
Travel demand management (TDM) is a set of procedures that have been shown to alleviate unlimited use of automobiles. The objectives of this project are to 1. Identify potential TDM elements that would effectively reduce auto travel in the mid-sized urban area with a corridor connecting two urban centers; 2. Evaluate the acceptability of measures by the public, policy makers, and public officials; 3. Develop and illustrate a method to evaluate the effectiveness of TDM to reduce auto travel for specific areas and projects. (Transportation Institute - North Carolina A&T State University, August 2001, 88 p.)

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Safety

Managing and Organizing Comprehensive Highway Safety in Europe
The Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and National Cooperative Highway Research Program sponsored a scanning study of Sweden, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom to investigate management and organization of comprehensive highway safety programs. (FHWA International Program Report FHWA-PL-03-006, April 2003, 68 p.)

Roadway Lighting and Driver Safety
The objectives of this report were to a) analyze the safety benefits associated with roadway lighting; b) determine the design of the lighting installation necessary to provide an adequate level of lighting; c) investigate how lighting affects the driver and the roadway's surrounding environment; d) revierw the economic correlation between effective lighting and cost savings of the State; e) provide input for updating the current section on street and highway lighting in the Traffic Guidance Manual; and f) analyze crash data to identify nighttime high crash locations. The procedure involved a literature search, a survey of states, crash data analysis, and collection of illumination data. (Kentucky Transportation Center College of Engineering, May 2003, 116 p.)

Optimal Continuous Shoulder Rumble Strips and the Effects on Highway Safety and the Economy
Recent statistics show that run-off-the-road crashes contribute to one-third of all highway fatalities in the United States. Many types of continuous shoulder rumble strips have been used to reduce such crashes, but two major issues have been noted. This feature clarifies these issues based on a comprehensive research study. (ITE Journal, May 2003, p. 30-34, 39-41).(Request this item from TIS)

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Traffic Control

Can America Handle Roundabouts?
Forty states now use or are experimenting with roundabouts. According to the Seattle Times, there are more than 600 in the United States today. Modern roundabouts, mostly developed in the United Kingdom from the 60s onward, provide many advantages over old, outmoded traffic circle designs. Roundabout design reduces circle size and slows vehicle entry and exit speeds. (Better Roads, May 2003, p. 28-30.)

 

Adaptive Signal Control II
This report is a comprehensive investigation of adaptive signal control. The literature review identifies the various control types and the typical benefits of adaptive control over other signal controls. Congestion, incidents and transit priority all are discussed and examined by modeling, first on a theoretical network, and then on four Salt Lake City area networks using field collected data. (University of Utah Traffic Laboratory, January 2003, 122 p.)

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Recent Reports

Development and Management

Optimal Procedures for Quality Assurance Specifications
FHWA Office of R&D, Report FHWA-RD-02-095, April 2003, 347 p. (Request this item from TIS)
Civil Infrastructure Systems Technology Road Map 2003-2013
CSCE/CPWA/NRC Position Paper, 47 p.
 
Urban
11th International Conference on High-Occupancy Vehicle Systems: Conference Proceedings
FHWA, Report FHWA-OP-03-100, May 2003, 212 p.
Source and On-Site Controls for Municipal Drainage Systems
National Guide to Sustainable Municipal Infrastructure Best Practices, December 2002, 58 p.
A Motorist and Pedestrian Behavioral Analysis Relating to Pedestrian Safety Improvements
Washington State Department of Transportation, Report WA-RD 560.1, March 2003, 44 p.

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